Noor e Tahqeeq

Consumerism in Modern Times: Necessity and Significance

Rimsha Kanwal — 2024-09-10

Consumerism and literature have a complex relationship. Literature often critiques and reflects on consumer culture, revealing its impact on individuals and society. Works like "Fight Club" and "American Psycho" satirize excessive materialism, while "The Great Gatsby" and "The Catcher in the Rye" portray the emptiness of wealth and status. Other authors, like Don DeLillo and Thomas Pynchon, explore the effects of consumerism on human relationships and identity. Literature also explores the commodification of art and culture, as seen in "The Secret Life of Things" and "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao". Additionally, authors like Dave Eggers and George Saunders examine the consequences of consumerism on individuals and society, highlighting issues like inequality and environmental degradation. Through these works, literature provides a platform for critique and reflection, encouraging readers to reevaluate their relationship with consumer culture and its values. By exploring the complexities of consumerism, literature inspires critical thinking and sparks important conversations about the role of material goods in our lives.

Bano Qudsias’ Novel “Moom ki Galian”. A study

Dr Parveen Akhtar Kallu — 2024-09-28

"Moom ki Galian" is an allegorical novelit. Bano has done justice to the analogy of human society and the Honeycomb. Especially the points of Apiology have been presented with great precision and skill. This novelit is meaningful and interesting from start to finish. This novel will be considered an important milestone in the history of fictional literature. She narrates examples of animals mocking humans at many points. This style of Bano Qudsia is unique and quirky. Due to which he has a prominent position in Urdu literature. The main purpose of this novel is to correct the evils found in our society, so Bano Qudsia narrates two stories and by giving a light romantic color, she is comparing the human society and their organization, arrangement, lifestyle. But while doing this, she has also conveyed his extensive knowledge and deep observation to us through this novelit.

Reference:

Mumtaz Mufti, Bano Qudsia. Pati Bhagat, mashmoola: Aur Okhe Log, Lahore: Feroze Sons, 1991, p. 155
Mumtaz Mufti, Ashfaq Ahmed. Storyteller, mashmoola: Aur Okhe Log, Lahore: Feroze Sons, 1991, p. 118
Zaka-ur-Rehman, Syed Javed Akhtar, Jaan Pehchan, mashmoola: Adab Latif, Monthly, Lahore: February March, 1966
Bano Qudsia, Towajha ki Talib (flap), Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publications,
1985Mumtaz Mufti, aak almia.Bano Qudsia, mashooma: Four hundred, Monthly, Rawalpindi, 1993, pp. 65-66.
Bano Qudsia, Moom Ki Galian, Lahore: sang e meel Publications, 2010, p.20
Ibid,P:24
Ibid,P:28
Ibid,P:28
Ibid,P:30
Ibid,P:36
Ibid,P:30
Ibid,P:41
Ibid,P:38-42
Bano Qudsia, Chaharchaman, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1999, pp. 56-255.
Banu Qudsiyya, moom ki galian, ibid., p. 254
Ibid,P:265-266
Ibid,P:260-261
Ibid,P:261
Ibid,P:261-262

Modern Trends in Western Criticism

Dr Fazeelat Bano — 2024-09-28

Westren New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory. New criticism developed as a reaction to the older philological and literary history that dominated literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century, which focused on the history and meaning of individual words and their relation to foreign and ancient languages, comparative sources, and the biographical circumstances of the others. The new critics felt that this approach tended to distract from the text and meaning of a poem and entirely neglect its aesthetic qualities in favor of teaching about external factors. New criticism believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. In order to bring the focus of literary studies back to analysis of the texts. The new critics also looked for paradox, paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best and most unified interpretation of the text.

Reference:

Sajjad Baqir Rizvi, Dr, Critical Principles of the West, Islamabad: Moqtadra Qaumi Language, 2002, p: 7
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the Maghreb, Lahore: Haqq Publications, 2018, p: 402
Ibid
Asghar Ali Baloch, Dr, Essay, A Brief Review of Some Important Critical Schools, Content: Criticism Past, Present and Future, Author: Dr. Mushtaq Adil, Sahiwal: Farogh Zaban Publishers, p: 84
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the West, pp. 243-244
Ibid
Jameel Jalbi, Ph.D., Eliot's Essays, Contents, From Aristotle to Eliot, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2015, P.: 178
Salim Akhtar, Dr, Creative Personalities and Criticism, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1989, p: 513
. Zirmunskij, Voprosy Teorie, Literary {Leningrad}1928, pp.8-9
Hamid Kashmiri, Dr, Tafheem wa Naqeed, Critical Essays, Lahore: Famous Book Depot, S.N, p:621
North Roop Fry, Objections to New Criticism, Lahore: Modern Publications House, 2020, p: 34
Roland Barthes, Objections to New Criticism, Preston University Press, p.71

Mir Gul Khan Naseers’ Urdu Poetry: Unveiling hid Poetic Brilliance

Tariq Aziz — 2024-09-29

The Balochistan region is home to speakers and understanders of numerous languages. The inhabitants of Balochistan are not fully conversant in Urdu, even in this day and age of print and electronic media. About 80 years ago, Mir Gul Khan Naseer brought the scent of Urdu language to the people living in this desolate region. In the color of Urdu poetry, Balochistan was rather a boring tone before him. He may not be a native speaker, yet his poetry in Urdu has a unique fluidity and elegance. His works accurately capture the circumstances and happenings around him. His use of similes and details writing has elevated his poetry’s elegance. He has a whole system of tips and tricks and a jingle of Hindi words can also be heard in his expression.

References:

Shah Muhammad Marri, (Foreword) with Caravan, Contents: Gul Khan Naseer, Quetta: Mir Gul Khan Naseer Chair, Univ. of Balochistan, 2015, p.: 13
Wahid Bakhsh Buzdar, Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Personality and Art, Islamabad: Akademi Literature Pakistan, , P: 34.35
Agha Muhammad Nasir, Urdu Poetry in Baluchistan, Maqam Darhid, 2000, p.98
Abid Mir, Nasir Khush Kalam, Quetta: Mir Gul Khan Nasir Chair, University of Balochistan, 2015, p:21
With reference to: Sheikh Noor (compiled), Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Personality, Poetry and Politics, Karachi: Awami Adabi Anjuman, 1993, P: 67
Abid Mir, Nasir Khush Kalam, p. 62
Ibid
Ibid

A reading of Premchand's Urdu stories in Political, Social, Economic and Rural Contexts

Waqar Haider — 2024-09-30

Premchand is a famous writer of his time and era. Those who have used different dimensions in presenting their works, among which fiction and novels are considered in the forefront. Premchand's speeches on politics are also a basic and important reference, his sermon on the progressive movement is also a comprehensive and detailed document, but he earned his name in fiction writing and is known throughout the subcontinent for the same genre. are recognized. Basically, fiction writing is his real and best identity. It is only through his fiction writing that we can identify each of them as well as our own psychological study of Premchand, keeping in mind his creations. One can study the personality, habits and manners and their lifestyle without looking at the political life as well. In the following article, an attempt has been made to study the social, economic and psychological aspects of the legends written about their villages and shed light on their literary life. This article is also important because it contains important references for new writers.

Linguistic discussions of Urdu Language

Dr khizra Tabassum — 2024-09-30

The beginning and evolution of Urdu language is a controversial issue in our country. The research and editing of linguists regarding the early characteristics of Urdu language and its development is still going on. First, European historians researched and edited linguistics and presented their ideas. These theories were an early reference, hence their importance to Islam. Subsequent researchers and linguists carried on the same work. The beginning of the twentieth century marks the beginning of a vernacular period of linguistic research. During this period, there is a tendency to assign Urdu to a particular place or place. Many researchers have traced the traces of Urdu in the Mughal period. Among them, Mera Man, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Maulana Sohbai, Shamsullah Qadri and Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad are worth mentioning. And some say it is a Dravidian language and some say Urdu is the daughter of Braj Bhasha. There are many theories about the origin of the Urdu language, but it is not entirely correct to connect it with any one region.

Reference:

Shaukat Sabzwari , Hindustani Liasaniat , Lakhnow: Naseem Book Depu, 1960, P: 9
Meer Amen Dehlvi, Bagh o Bahar, Murtaba: Rasheed Hassan Khan, New Dehli: Anjumn Taraqi, Urdu, 1992, P:7
Shaukat Sabzwari , Dastan Zuban – e - Urdu ( Baab 2) , Karachi:Anjuman Taraqi Urdu Pakistan , 1987, P:37
Muhamamd Hussain Azad, Abey Hayat, Likhnow: Utr Pardesh Urdu Akadmi, 1998, P:6
Ain Ul Haq Fareed Koti, Urdu Zuban Ki Qadeem Tarikh, Lahore: Arslan Publications, 1973, P: 93
Ram Babu Saksena, Tarikh Adab Urdu, Liknnow: Mutba Nol Keshor, 1929, P:1
Mahau - din Qadri Zor, Hindustani Liasaniat, Liknnow: Naseem Book Depu, 1960, P:9
Shaukat Sabzwari , Dastan e Zuban Urdu, P: 74
Masood Hussain Khan, Muqadma Tarikh Zuban Urdu, (Baab Dom) , Dehli: Azad Kitab Ghar, 1954, P:188
Suhail Bukhari, Urdu Ka Roop, Lahore: Azad Book Depu, 1971, P:11

A Critical Study of the Novel “Shahr khali, Kucha Khali”

Dr Anatail Zia — 2024-09-30

"Shahr Khali Kocha Khali" is a renowned novel written by Mustansar Hussain Tarar, a prominent Pakistani writer and travelogue author. The novel was first published in 1979 and has since become a classic of Pakistani literature. Tarar's writing evokes a sense of nostalgia for a bygone era while also addressing contemporary issues. "Shahr Khali Kocha Khali" is not just a novel but a commentary on urbanization, societal changes, and the complexities of human relationships. It captures the essence of Lahore's history and culture, making it a significant work in Pakistani literature.

Reference:

1. Nasir Kazmi, Bergine, Lahore: Fazl-e-Haq and Sons Darbar Market, 1992, p. 59
2. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publications, 2020, p. 123
3. Issue, Quarterly Literary Magazine, Karachi: October to December 2013, p. 72
4. Mumtaz Ahmad Khan, Dr., Urdu Novels After Independence, Karachi: Anjaman Urdu Tragqi Pakistan, 1997, p. 178
5. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p. 72
6. Ibid, p. 25
7. Ibid, p. 22
8. Ibid, pp. 27-28
9. Ibid, pp. 55-56
10. Khuram Sohail, interview with Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Dawn News, January 17, 2019.
11. Naeem Ahmed, Dr., Sigmund Freud, Theory of Psychoanalysis, Lahore: Negarshat Publishers, 2021, p. 80
12. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p. 90
13. Ibid, p. 78
14. Rubina Shaheen, Ph.D., Psychology and Literary Creativity, Reflections International, Book 28, April 2018, p. 11
15. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p. 65
16. Ibid, p.84
17. Ibid, p. 176
18. Khuram Sohail, interview with Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Dawn News, January 17, 2019.
19. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p. 119
20. Dr. Saleem Akhtar, Psychological Critique, Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publications, 15 20 A.D., p. 228
21. Anwar Jamal, Professor, Literary Terms, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, January 2016, p. 95
22. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p. 171
23. Ibid, p. 171
24. Sultana Bakhsh, Tales and Humor, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2012, p. 40
25. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p.68
26. Mumtaz Ahmad Khan, Dr., Few Important Aspects of Urdu Novel, Karachi: Anjuman Tragqi Urdu Pakistan, 2003, p. 63
27. Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Shahr Khali, Kocha Khali, p.74

Nasir Shehzad as a Preface Writer

Dr Nasir Kamran — 2024-09-30

Nasir Shehzad is a notable literary figure of the 20^th century. He wrote down many books: “Kon Dais Gyo,” “Pukarti Rahee Bansi, andd "Ban Bas." He not only wrote the prefaces of his own books but also the books of his contemporaries. Nasir Shehzad creates a unique pleasure with his style of narration in the prefaces. The book and the author are introduced by him in a good manner. In these prefaces, a glimpse of his literature, ideas, and personality is also seen. He has written prefaces only on poetry genres. Along with songs, ghazals, and poems in these poetry genres, he has shed light on the tradition and narration of coffee and couplets in the form of a preface. The main purpose of the preface is to make the contents of the book clear in such a way that the person interested in the subject is drawn to read it because it makes the outline of the book clear to the reader, which makes the reader interested in the study. The prefaces of Nasir Shahzad meet this standard to a great extent. In this article, effort is made to analyze his preface writing in detail.

Reference:

1. Ibadat Barelvi, Dr., Compiler, Qadar Abdul Haq (Extended Edition), Lahore: Urdu Center, 1964, p. 86
2. All Ahmad Surur, Professor, What is criticism, Karachi: Urdu Academy Sindh, Sun Darhad, p. 7.196
3. Nasir Shehzad, Bin Bas, p. 7. 36
4. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, Preface (Lyric Setting of Gita Geet) by Nasir Shahzad, Karachi: Pakistan Writers Guild Sindh,
2006, p.:17
5. Also, p. 2.11
6. Also, p. 15
7. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, Foreword: Megh Malhar and her First Phuwar by Nasir Shahzad, Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publi.
cations, 700 2, p. 5
8. Jameel Azimabadi, Doha Sansar, Foreword: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad Contents: Doha Sansar, Karachi: Rashid Publications,
2004, pp. 1-20
9. Shaukat Hashmi, Hal Dhamaal, Foreword: Nasir Shehzad, Lahore: Al-Hamd Publications, 1995, p. 5
10. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yaar Da Vihra, Preface: Punjabi Kafi An Additional Case by Nasir Shahzad, Okara:
Sound-e-Hadi Sheikho Sharif Institute, 2009, pp. 27-8
11. Javed Batsh, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, Preface: Musafat-e-Shib-Tab by Nasir Shehzad, Sahiwal: Tamehol Publications, 2002, p. 16
12. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vehra, p. 28
13. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 16
14. Jameel Azeemabadi, Doha Sansar, Preface: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad, including Doha Sansar, p. 20
15. Abid Ali Abid, Syed, Style, Lahore: Sangmail Publications, 2001, p. 60
16. All Ahmad Suroor, Professor, Visions and Ideas (Prose Style), New Delhi: New Delhi Maktaba Jamia Limited, 1973, p. 49
17. Moinuddin Aqeel, Dr., Pakistani Ghazal, Formative Period Attitudes and Trends, Karachi: Abul Kalam Azad Research Institute, 1997, p. 107
18. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, p. 12
19. Nasir Shehzad, Who Des Gayo (Backflap) by Joginder Pal
20. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 16
21. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 20
22. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vihra, p. 27
23. Ibid, p. 21
24. Ibid, p. 25
25. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 13.4

Study of Published Urdu Travelogues about Iran

Dr Sami Ullah — 2024-09-30

The tradition of travelogue writing in Urdu began in the late nineteenth century. In that period, the Urdu translation of the books related to Iran, written by the English scholars and different personalities, paved the way for the creation of travelogues of Iran in Urdu. As this tradition of travelogue writing in Urdu got popular, the travelogues partially or completely related to Iran also increased in numbers. Having diverse styles, these travelogues may be divided into different kinds in terms of the objectives and motivations of their authors. In this article, a collection of travelogues of Iran published in Urdu is being presented that will be helpful in research about travelogue writing and especially about different aspects of Iranology.

Reference:

Sufi Malkapuri Hyderabadi, Maulvi Abu Tarab Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Khan Sahib, Mahbub-ul-Zaman Tazkira Shairai Deccan, Part II, Hyderabad (Deccan): Mutaba Rahmani, 1329 Hijri, p. 654
Zaidi, Syeda Nadira, Scholarly and Literary Services of Munshi Mahboob Alam, Supervisor: Ubaidullah Khan, Punjab University, Lahore, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Year of Defense: 1992, p. 191.
Nowshahi, Arif (1986), List of Persian Books of Chapsangi and Kamiyab in Kitabkhana Ganjbakhsh, Volume I, Islamabad: Center for Persian Research of Iran and Pakistan, pp. 938-939.
Baig, Mirza Hamid, Bibliography of Translations, Volume II. Prose Literature, Curator: Syed Abdullah, Islamabad: Muqtadra Qaumi Language, 1987, p. 116
Abdi Khajasta, Laila, Translation of Hai-i Haji Baba Isfahani into Persian and Urdu in Ancient India, Magazine of Anjuman Mafakhir, Year 15, Issue IV, Tehran: Anjuman Athar and Mafakhir Farhangi, Winter 1398 Shamsi, p. 14
Abdi Khajasta, Laila, Translation of Hai-i Haji Baba Isfahani into Persian and Urdu in Ancient India, Magazine of Anjuman Mafakhir, Year 15, Issue IV, Tehran: Anjuman Athar and Mafakhir Farhangi, Winter 1398 Shamsi, p. 15
Nowshahi, Arif, List of rare and rare Persian books in Ganjbakhsh Library, Volume 1, Islamabad: Persian Research Center of Iran and Pakistan, p. 849
Nowshahi, Arif, List of rare and rare Persian books in Ganjbakhsh Library, Volume 1, Islamabad: Persian Research Center of Iran and Pakistan, pp. 847-851.
Alam, Munshi Mehboob, Biography of Shah Muzaffaruddin Walli of Iran, Lahore: Khadim-ul-Tealim Publishers Punjab, 1902, p. 1.
Munshi Mahbub Alam, Safarnamah Baghdad, Khadim-ul-Tealim Press, Lahore, 1921, p. 3.

Ali Farshi's Poem and Archetype

Tahira Sabir — 2024-09-30

Archetype is a term in psychology and anthropology; this is a combination of conscious and unconscious; with the help of this unconscious, all nations are connected. It is the reason for the creation of myths, giant beads, symbols, and folk stories. This world is the world of the archetype in as much as it contains nothing that is not an archetype. It could indeed be said that most of the problems of modernity result from ignorance of archetypes. A man should therefore understand what that means because, without such understanding, he would fail to understand himself. It is a term that is also used in Urdu literature. The concept of archetype is with every writer. Ali M. Farshi is a modern Urdu poet. Modernity is a very important and multi-meaning term that was initially considered synonymous with westernization. Modernity in the subcontinent entered in the form of translation and Punjab Association. Ali Farshi's concept of archetypes used in his poems is covered in this research article.

Reference:

1. Hasanuddin Ahmad, Ph.D., A Research and Critical Study of Urdu Translations of English Poetry, Hyderabad:
Villa Academy, 1983, pp. 6-8
2. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr., How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 2018, p: 9
3. Hussain Azad, Nazm Azad, Martaba: Agha Muhammad Baqir, Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali and Sons, 1947, p.38
4. Shahzad Ahmad, Rong, Psychology and Occult Sciences, Lahore: Sangmail Publications, 1997, p: 29
5. Ibid, p: 30
6. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr. Ali Muhammad Farshi's Poem, Quarterly Publication, Karachi: March 2015, p: 14
7. Ibid, p: 14
8. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Muhammad Farshi's New Book, Loveless Days, p: 16
9. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, Islamabad: New Books, 1999, p.92.
10. Nasir Abbas Nair, Illustrating Ali Muhammad Farshi, Contained in: Nazm Naw, Issue 3, Karachi: Nazm Naw Publications, Year: 220
11. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr., How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestones Publications, Sun, p: 96
12. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, Islamabad: New Books, 1999, p.93.
13. Ali Muhammad Farshi, Life is not a case of suicide, Rawalpindi: Faiz-e-Laslam Press, 2004, p: 37
14. Ali Mohammad Farshi, Life is not a case of suicide, p: 20
15. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls to me in a strong wind, p: 100
16. Ibid, p: 60
17. Munir Sadiq, First Day Sunlight, Analytical Study, Content: Afaq, (Salanama), Rawalpindi: Qayyum Tahir, 2002.
P.: 254
18. Tariq Hashmi, The Third Dimension of Modern Urdu Poetry, Shama Books Publishers, Faisalabad, 2014, p: 201
19. Ali Mohammad Farshi, Alina, Rawalpindi: Harf Akademi, March 2002, p: 45
20. Ibid, p: 13
21. Satyapal Anand, The Plateau of Aleena and Irfan, Containing: Kontakt, Kontakt Literary Institute, Faisalabad: December 2007.
P.: 248
22. Ali Mohammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, p: 16
23. Muhammad Hameed Shahid, Ali Muhammad Farshi. Death Walking in Sleep, Contents: Points, Issue 10, Faisalabad:
Kontakt Publications 2011, p: 594
24. Shahzad Ahmed, Rong, Psychology and Occult Sciences, p: 67
25. Mehnaz Anjum, Poetry of Ali Muhammad Farshi, Dissertation for MPhil Urdu, Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University,
2016, pp. 8-9
26. Ali Mohammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the strong wind, p: 88
27. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Muhammad Farshi's latest book "Loveless Days", p. 18
28. Ibid, p: 8
29. Ibid, p: 26
30. Nasir Abbas Nair, How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 2018, p.9
31. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Mohammad Farshi's latest book "Loveless Days", p.19