اسلامی فلسفہ اخلاق میں ابن مسکویہ کے نظریۂ سعادت کی اہمیت

The Importance of Ibn Miskawaih's Theory of Al-s¢¥dah [in Islamic philosophy of Ethics]

Abstract

Ab‰ ¢AlÏ A^mad bin Mu^ammad bin Yaʿqūb bin Miskawayh, commonly known as Ibn-e-Miskawayh is the Persian scientist, philosopher, and historian of tenth century, whose scholarly works became models for later generations of Islamic thinkers.  All his works are considered the basic source of the related subject, but his most notable contributions, however, were in ethics and history. His moral treatise TahdhÏb al-akhl¥q, influenced by the Aristotelian concept of the mean, is considered one of the best statements of Islamic philosophy. The theory presented by him in this respect is called Al-s¢¥dah that consists four elements; Wisdom, Sh‰j¢ah, ¢Iffat and Justice. He divided S¢¥dah in two categories; primary S¢¥dah and secondary S¢¥dah. Primary S¢¥dah is the moral perfection while the secondary is the theoretical perfection that means to attain the knowledge of God (insight in divine matters or metaphysical world) The style of the theory is philosophical, but the approach is practicable and purposeful. In this article, his theory of S¢¥dah has been discussed briefly.