تھیوڈور نولڈیکے کے نزدیک قرآنی ذرائع اور ان کا رد ؛ ایک اختصاصی مطالعہ

The Quranic Sources According to Theodor Nöldeke and Their Refutation; A Specialized Study”

Abstract

This article delves into the historical and scholarly discussions surrounding the origins and authenticity of the Quranic revelation, specifically focusing on Theodor Nöldeke's critical perspective. It examines how orientalists, particularly Nöldeke, have interpreted the Quran as a product of socio-emotional and anthropological circumstances rather than divine revelation. Nöldeke's arguments against the traditional Islamic understanding of divine inspiration, including his assertions about Muhammad (PBUH) as an “Oriental visionary” influenced by emotional and cultural factors, are critically analyzed. The article also highlights the responses of Muslim scholars to Nöldeke’s claims, providing counterarguments from Quranic text, Islamic traditions, and historical context to refute his anthropological and psychological interpretations of revelation.